MICROSCOPY PRE-LAB ACTIVITIES

 Test your skill. Practice what you have learned about the microscope.

THE MATTER

On this website you can practice all you know about the matter (atoms, molecules, mixtures ,...)

DIONYSOS/ BACCO

 Read the myth and look for information about the Caravaggio´s picture: Bacco

http://www.haltadefinizione.com 

DIONYSOS
Dionysos was the great Olympian god of wine, vegetation, pleasure and festivity. He was depicted as either an older bearded god or a pretty effeminate, long-haired youth. His attributes included the thyrsos (a pine-cone tipped staff), drinking cup, leopard and fruiting vine. He was usually accompanied by a troop of Satyrs and Mainades (female devotees or nymphs).

The tree Graces

reads the myth and look for pictures in

http://www.museodelprado.es/en/visit-the-museum/15-masterpieces/work-card/obra/the-three-graces/

They are the three daughters of Zeus and the nymph Eurynome and they are the goddesses of “Radiance,” “Joy,” “Fruitfulness,” “Splendor,” “Mirth,” “Good Cheer,” and many other things.  The three of them preside over happy events amongst mortals and gods -- gatherings with friends, dances and celebrations. They would also dance for Apollo to the beautiful music from his lyre, and they would inspire mortal artists with abilities – similar to the Muses.

Crossword Puzzle

Across

1. Home of gods, goddesses (2 words)

5. Greek for "city-state"

6. A long story poem

7. One of the three "highways of water" bordering

Greece (2 words)

8. Games honoring a god

11. Person who takes power illegally

12. Military houses

13. Greek reformer also know for his poetry

15. A Greek with the right to participate in government

16. Sparta's strength

17. Rowing ships

Down

2. Gave Greeks their alphabet

3. Conflict that brought city-states together (2 words)

4. What Greeks ate often

8. Rule by the few

9. Stories that explain beliefs

10. Limited democracy began here

14. Ruler of the Greek gods

AN INQUIRY INTO THE NATURE AND CAUSES OF THE WEALTH OF NATIONS

by Adam Smith

BOOK I: Of the Causes of Improvement in the productive Powers of Labour, and of the Order according to which its Produce is naturally distributed among the different Ranks of the People.

CHAPTER 1. Of the Division of Labour.

The greatest improvement in the productive powers of labour, and the greater part of the skill, dexterity, and judgment with which it is anywhere directed, or applied, seem to have been the effects of the division of labour. (…)

To take an example, therefore, from a very trifling manufacture; but one in which the division of labour has been very often taken notice of, the trade of the pin-maker; a workman not educated to this business (which the division of labour has rendered a distinct trade), nor acquainted with the use of the machinery employed in it (to the invention of which the same division of labour has probably given occasion), could scarce, perhaps, with his utmost industry, make one pin in a day, and certainly could not make twenty. But in the way in which this business is now carried on, not only the whole work is a peculiar trade, but it is divided into a number of branches, of which the greater part are likewise peculiar trades. One man draws out the wire, another straights it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, a fifth grinds it at the top for receiving, the head; to make the head requires two or three distinct operations; to put it on is a peculiar business, to whiten the pins is another; it is even a trade by itself to put them into the paper; and the important business of making a pin is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen distinct operations, which, in some manufactories, are all performed by distinct hands, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them. I have seen a small manufactory of this kind where ten men only were employed, and where some of them consequently performed two or three distinct operations. But though they were very poor, and therefore but indifferently accommodated with the necessary machinery, they could, when they exerted themselves, make among them about twelve pounds of pins in a day. There are in a pound upwards of four thousand pins of a middling size. Those ten persons, therefore, could make among them upwards of forty-eight thousand pins in a day. Each person, therefore, making a tenth part of forty-eight thousand pins, might be considered as making four thousand eight hundred pins in a day. But if they had all wrought separately and independently, and without any of them having been educated to this peculiar business, they certainly could not each of them have made twenty, perhaps not one pin in a day; that is, certainly, not the two hundred and fortieth, perhaps not the four thousand eight hundredth part of what they are at present capable of performing, in consequence of a proper division and combination of their different operations. (…)

This great increase of the quantity of work which, in consequence of the division of labour, the same number of people are capable of performing, is owing to three different circumstances; first, to the increase of dexterity in every particular workman; secondly, to the saving of the time which is commonly lost in passing from one species of work to another; and lastly, to the invention of a great number of machines which facilitate and abridge labour, and enable one man to do the work of many. (…)

It is the great multiplication of the productions of all the different arts, in consequence of the division of labour, which occasions, in a well-governed society, that universal opulence which extends itself to the lowest ranks of the people. Every workman has a great quantity of his own work to dispose of beyond what he himself has occasion for; and every other workman being exactly in the same situation, he is enabled to exchange a great quantity of his own goods for a great quantity, or, what comes to the same thing, for the price of a great quantity of theirs. He supplies them abundantly with what they have occasion for, and they accommodate him as amply with what he has occasion for, and a general plenty diffuses itself through all the different ranks of the society.

Observe the accommodation of the most common artificer or day-labourer in a civilised and thriving country, and you will perceive that the number of people of whose industry a part, though but a small part, has been employed in procuring him this accommodation, exceeds all computation. The woollen coat, for example, which covers the day-labourer, as coarse and rough as it may appear, is the produce of the joint labour of a great multitude of workmen. The shepherd, the sorter of the wool, the wool-comber or carder, the dyer, the scribbler, the spinner, the weaver, the fuller, the dresser, with many others, must all join their different arts in order to complete even this homely production. How many merchants and carriers, besides, must have been employed in transporting the materials from some of those workmen to others who often live in a very distant part of the country! How much commerce and navigation in particular, how many ship-builders, sailors, sail-makers, rope-makers, must have been employed in order to bring together the different drugs made use of by the dyer, which often come from the remotest corners of the world! What a variety of labour, too, is necessary in order to produce the tools of the meanest of those workmen! To say nothing of such complicated machines as the ship of the sailor, the mill of the fuller, or even the loom of the weaver, let us consider only what a variety of labour is requisite in order to form that very simple machine, the shears with which the shepherd clips the wool. The miner, the builder of the furnace for smelting the ore, the seller of the timber, the burner of the charcoal to be made use of in the smelting-house, the brickmaker, the brick-layer, the workmen who attend the furnace, the mill-wright, the forger, the smith, must all of them join their different arts in order to produce them. Were we to examine, in the same manner, all the different parts of his dress and household furniture, the coarse linen shirt which he wears next his skin, the shoes which cover his feet, the bed which he lies on, and all the different parts which compose it, the kitchen-grate at which he prepares his victuals, the coals which he makes use of for that purpose, dug from the bowels of the earth, and brought to him perhaps by a long sea and a long land carriage, all the other utensils of his kitchen, all the furniture of his table, the knives and forks, the earthen or pewter plates upon which he serves up and divides his victuals, the different hands employed in preparing his bread and his beer, the glass window which lets in the heat and the light, and keeps out the wind and the rain, with all the knowledge and art requisite for preparing that beautiful and happy invention, without which these northern parts of the world could scarce have afforded a very comfortable habitation, together with the tools of all the different workmen employed in producing those different conveniences; if we examine, I say, all these things, and consider what a variety of labour is employed about each of them, we shall be sensible that, without the assistance and co-operation of many thousands, the very meanest person in a civilised country could not be provided, even according to what we very falsely imagine the easy and simple manner in which he is commonly accommodated. Compared, indeed, with the more extravagant luxury of the great, his accommodation must no doubt appear extremely simple and easy; and yet it may be true, perhaps, that the accommodation of a European prince does not always so much exceed that of an industrious and frugal peasant as the accommodation of the latter exceeds that of many an African king, the absolute master of the lives and liberties of ten thousand naked savages.

Questions:

Calculate productivity of a pin-maker workman before and after the division of labour

How the division of labour raises the productivity?

What are the consequences of the division of labour for a well-governed society?

THE ECONOMICS A-Z (c-d)

Read the follwing definitions of vocabulary associated with Economics. Then try to find the Spanish word:

Capital - All buildings, equipment and human skills used to produce goods and services.

Choice - What someone must make when faced with two or more alternative uses of a resource (also called economic choice).

Circular flow of goods and services - A model of an economy showing the interactions between households and business firms as they exchange goods and services and resources in markets.

Command economy - A mode of economic organization in which the key economic functions--what, how, and for whom--are principally determined by government directive. Sometimes called a "centrally planned economy."

Commodity - A comparatively homogeneous product that can typically be bought in bulk.

Comparative advantage - The principle of comparative advantage states that a country will specialize in the production of goods in which it has a lower opportunity cost than other countries.

Competition - The effort of two or more parties acting independently to secure the business of a third party by offering the most favorable terms.

Complementary goods - Products that are used with one another.

Consumers - People whose wants are satisfied by consuming a good or a service.

Consumption - In macroeconomics, the total spending, by individuals or a nation, on consumer goods during a given period.

Corporation - A legal entity owned by stockholders whose liability is limited to the value of their stock.

Costs of production - All resources used in producing goods and services, for which owners receive payments.

Credit - The use of someone else's funds in exchange for a promise to pay (usually with interest) at a later date.

Currency - The money that is used in a particular country at a particular time.

Debt - Something, especially money, which is owed to someone else, or the state of owing something.

Deficit - The total amount by which money spent is more than money received.

Deflation - A sustained and continuous decrease in the general price level.

Demand - A schedule of how much consumers are willing and able to buy at all possible prices during some time period.

Demography - People, and the statistical study of them.

Depreciation - A fall in the value of an Asset or a currency.

Depression - A bad, depressingly prolonged Recession in economic activity.

Devaluation - A sudden fall in the value of a currency against other currencies. Strictly, devaluation refers only to sharp falls in a currency within a fixed Exchange Rate system.

Developing Countries - A euphemism for the world’s poor countries, also known, often optimistically, as emerging economies.

Disount Rate - The rate of interest charged by a Central Bank when lending to other financial institutions.

Distribution - The manner in which total output and income is distributed among individuals or factors (e.g., the distribution of income between labor and capital).

Division of labor - The process whereby workers perform only a single or a very few steps of a major production task (as when working on an assembly line.)

Durable goods - Consumer goods expected to last longer than three years.

ROTATIONAL KINEMATICS

Rotational kinematics investigates lows of motion of objects along circular path without any reference to forces that cause the motion to change.

Here (all units see here):



Shakespeare

SHAKESPEARE
HAMLET

Read and listen the third soliloquy from Hamlet and answer the questions.

http://literario-literaturauniversal.blogspot.com/2010/02/interpretaciones-de-hamlet-1-en-ingles.html




ACT.--------- SCENE ------------

To be, or not to be: that is the question:Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;No more; and by a sleep to say we endThe heart-ache and the thousand natural shocksThat flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummationDevoutly to be wish'd. To die, to sleep;To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub;For in that sleep of death what dreams may comeWhen we have shuffled off this mortal coil,Must give us pause: there's the respectThat makes calamity of so long life;For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely,The pangs of despised love, the law's delay,The insolence of office and the spurnsThat patient merit of the unworthy takes,When he himself might his quietus makeWith a bare bodkin? who would fardels bear,To grunt and sweat under a weary life,But that the dread of something after death,The undiscover'd country from whose bournNo traveller returns, puzzles the willAnd makes us rather bear those ills we haveThan fly to others that we know not of?Thus conscience does make cowards of us all;And thus the native hue of resolutionIs sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought,And enterprises of great pith and moment





a ) Who is speaking ?

b ) ¿ What is the main idea in this soliloquy ?

c ) Would you set it among the different acts ?

WHAT IS A TSUNAMI?

A tsunami is a series of water waves caused by displacement of large volume of water. Tsunamis are a frequent occurrence in Japan; approximately 195 events have been recorded.
University of Nebraska-Lincoln Associate Professor of Civil Engineering David Admiraal explains how tsunamis start, travel and can become deadly.

3º ESO What is the Difference between Electronic and Electricity?

In a number of instances, people tend to use the terms electronic and electric interchangeably. While both terms are commonly employed when discussing electronics, there is a subtle difference between the correct usage of each word.
Electric has to do with the general concept of electricity. It is generally acceptable to use the terms electric and electrical interchangeably. Essentially, the word "electric" will function as a way of qualifying the flow of electricity as it relates to a specific event. For example, if a fire starts due to a problem with wiring in a building, the event can be described as an electric or electrical fire, caused by the electric or electrical wiring. The use of electric identifies a source of power that serves to create a logical effect when conducted through a process or device.
In contrast, electronic is a term that is descriptive of devices that are powered by electricity. An electronic device is often constructed using one or more electric elements that make it possible to manage the flow of electricity into the device. A television is a good example, since it is partially composed of a series of individual electric components that help to conduct the flow of electricity. In like manner, desktop and laptop computers are electronic in nature. Handheld devices such as cell phones are also electronic, while operating with the use of an electric component – a battery.

Some words of  computer science come from the Latin. Look for this words.

LATIN	ENGLISH	SPANISH
Deleo
Ordinator
cursator
Intro
Digitus
Computare
Monitor

ZODIAC SING

1. Macht the  answer .

Meaning

FISH

SCALE

ARCHER

CUPBEARER

GOAT WITH HORNS

BULL

TWINS

SHEEP

CRAB

SCORPION

VIRGIN

LION

Latin name

CANCER

SCORPIO

LIBRA

SAGITTARIUS

CAPRICORNIUS

TAURUS

AQUARIUS

GEMINI

ARIES

VIRGO

LEO

PISCIS

Sign of the zodiac

LIBRA

SCORPIO

TAURUS

SAGITTARIUS

ARIES

GEMINI

CANCER

CAPRICORN

LEO

AQUARIUS

VIRGO

PISCES

Electricity Teaching resources

An interesting web for teaching Electricity with many games and activities.

http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/revision/Science/electricity.htm

Price stability: Why is it important for you?

Once you have seen the video explain the meanings of these words:
  a) Inflation
  b) Deflation
  c) Price stability
  d) Eurosystem
  e) ECB (The European Central Bank)
  f) CPI (Consumer Price Index)
  g) ESCB (European System of Central)
  h) Interest rate
  i) Barter
  j) Euro Zone
                         Click here to see the video

Artemis

She was goddess of chastity, virginity, the hunt, the moon, and the natural environment. Artemis is the daughter of Zeus and Leto. Her twin brother is Apollo. She is the lady of the wild things. She is the huntsman of the gods. She is the protector of the young. Like Apollo she hunts with silver arrows. She became associated with the moon. She is a virgin goddess, and the goddess of chastity. She also presides over childbirth, which may seem odd for a virgin, but goes back to causing Leto no pain when she was born. She became associated with Hecate. The cypress is her tree. All wild animals are scared to her, especially the deer.

ZODIAC SING

1. MACHT THE ANSWER

Aries, Taurus ,Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, Pisces.

Latin name

CANCER, SCORPIO, LIBRA, SAGITTARIUS, CAPRICORNIUS, TAURUS, AQUARIUS, GEMINI, ARIES, VIRGO, LEO,PISCIS

Meaning

FISH, SCALE, ARCHER, CUPBEARER, GOAT WITH HORNS, BULL, TWINS, SHEEP,CRAB,SCORPION, VIRGIN, LION

THE ECONOMICS A-Z (a-b)

Read the follwing definitions of vocabulary associated with Economics. Then try to find the Spanish word:

Absolute advantage - The ability to produce something with fewer resources than other producers would use to produce the same thing.

Advertising - The business of trying to persuade people to buy products or services.

Aggregate demand - The total planned (ex ante) level of spending on goods and services within an economy.

Aggregate supply - The total value of goods and services produced in an economy.

Amortization -To reduce a debt by paying small regular amounts.

Appreciation - A rise in the value of an asset.

Assets - Something valuable belonging to a person or organization which can be used for the payment of debts.

Balance of payments - The total of all the money coming into a country from abroad less all of the money going out of the country during the same period.

Bank - A financial institution accepts checking deposits, holds savings, sells traveler's checks and performs other financial services.

Barriers to entry - Obstacles that make it difficult to enter a given market.

Benefit - The gain received from voluntary exchange.

Bond - A certificate reflecting a firm's promise to pay the holder a periodic interest payment until the date of maturity and a fixed sum of money on the designated maturity date.

Budget - A plan to show how much money a person or organization will earn and how much they will need or be able to spend.

Business - The activity of buying and selling goods and services, or a particular company that does this, or work you do to earn money.

1º ESO INTERESTING LINKS FOR SIMPLES MACHINES

Here you have same links for learn new  interesting things about simple machines.

http://sunshine.chpc.utah.edu/javalabs/java12/machine/stdntovrvw.htm

http://www.henry.k12.ga.us/cur/simp-mach/default.htm

1º ESO SIMPLE MACHINES

The lever is simple machine made up of a stiff arm or arms that pivots or turns.  The point that a lever turns on is called the fulcrum. The load is the force of the thing you are trying to move.  Over 2000 years ago, a Greek scientist named Archimedes (ark a MEE dees) figured out how and why levers worked.  People had been using levers for a long time, but he was the first to explain them using math.  Legend credits Archimedes with saying, "With a big enough lever, you can move the world." 

The pulley is a simple machine made of a rope or chain wrapped around the wheel. A movable pulley reduces the amount of force needed to lift an object by object by increasing the distance over which the force is applied. The useful pulley is one of the earliest and simplest wheel devices.  Back in the eighth century B.C., the country that is now Syria may have discovered that a small wheel within a frame made it easier to pull up a heavy weight hanging from a rope running over the wheel.  Engineers in ancient times used this knowledge to their advantage in the construction of many monuments and temples.

ACTIVITIES FOR S.W.S.E.S.N.

Here we have a page with free lesson plans, activity ideas andresources for students with special education and support needs. You can download many materials made with powerpoint or pdf files.

http://www.primaryresources.co.uk/maths/maths.htm

RUDYARD KIPLING

Complete this text ( translation can help you )



IF.....________________________________________
IF you can keep your ------- when all about you
Are losing theirs and blaming it on you,
If you can trust yourself when all men -------- you,
But make allowance for their doubting too;
If you can ----- and not be tired by waiting,
Or being lied about, don't deal in lies,
Or being -----, don't give way to hating,
And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise:
If you ---   --- and not make dreams your master;
If you ---  ---- - and not make thoughts your aim;
If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster
And treat those two impostors just the same;
If you can bear to hear the truth you've ------
Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,
Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken,
And stoop and build 'em up with worn-out tools:
If you can make one -------of all your winnings
And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,
And ----, and start again at your beginnings
And never breathe a ---- about your loss;
If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew
To serve your turn long after they are ----,
And so hold on when ------- nothing in you
Except the Will which says to them: 'Hold on!'
If you can ---- with crowds and keep your virtue,
' Or walk with Kings - nor lose the common touch,
if neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you,
If all men count with you, but none too much;
If you can fill the -----------minute
With sixty seconds' worth of distance run,
Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it,
And - which is more - you'll be a Man, -------!



SI
Si puedes llevar la cabeza sobre los hombros
bien puesta,... cuando otros la pierden y de ello
te culpan;
Si puedes confiar en tí cuando todos de tí dudan, ...
pero tomas en cuenta sus dudas;
Si puedes esperar sin que te canse la espera,
o soportar calumnias sin pagar con la misma
moneda,
o ser odiado sin dar cabida al odio, ...
y no por eso parecer demasiado bueno o sabio;

Si puedes soñar sin que tus sueños te dominen;
Si puedes pensar sin que tus pensamientos sean
tu meta;
Si puedes habértelas con Triunfo y Desastre
y tratar por igual a ambos farsantes;
Si puedes tolerar que los bribones
tergiversen la verdad que has expresado
y la convierten en trampa para necios,
o ver en ruinas la obra de tu vida
y agacharte y reconstruirla con viejas
herramientas;

Si puedes hacer un atado con todas tus
ganancias
y arrojarlas al capricho del azar,
y perderlas y volver a empezar desde el principio
sin que salga de tus labios una queja;
Si puedes poner al servicio de tus fines el corazón,
el entusiasmo y la fortaleza, aún agotados,
Y resistir aunque no te quede ya nada..,
Salvo la voluntad que te diga ¨Adelante!¨;

Si puedes dirigirte a las multitudes sin perder la
virtud,
y codearte con reyes sin perder la sencillez;
Si no pueden herirte amigos ni enemigos;
Si todos cuentan contigo en demasía;
Si puedes llenar el implacable minuto,
con sesenta segundos de esfuerzo denodado,
Tuya es la Tierra y cuanto en ella hay,
Y más aún, Serás un hombre, hijo mío!
Rudyard Kipling




Watch and listen this video

PROPERTIES OF METALS AND NON METALS

METALS AND NON-METALS

There are about 118 elements, 107 of which are naturally occurring. Metals and non-metals are characterized by distinctly different physical and chemical properties. At present about 80 metals are known to us. Metals can be shaped like clay, are heat-resistant, and are not fragile.

Though the non-metals are only 22 in number, they are the major constituents of earth, air and oceans. At room temperature, over half of the non-metals are gases, except bromine, which is a liquid. The most abundant non-metal in the earth's crust is oxygen, which constitutes about 50% of the earth's crust and along with nitrogen it forms the main constituents of air. The next abundant non metal is silicon which constitutes about 26% of the earths crust. Oxygen and silicon are the two major constituents of earth. Hydrogen and oxygen are the two major constituents of the oceans.

Position of Metals and Non-metals in the Periodic Table

One can easily differentiate between metals and non-metals based on their placement on the Periodic Table of the Elements. Metals occupy the groups on the left of the periodic table. Group IA consists of highly reactive metals called the alkali metals, while group 22 elements are called alkaline earth metals. Elements between group IIA and IIIA are all called transition metals. The Various Kinds of Metals are as shown below: The non-metals are elements (with the exception of hydrogen) that are found to the right on the Periodic Table i.e., groups IIIA, IVA and VA. The non-metallic character of these elements increases from top to the bottom of the group. For example, in group VA the first and second members are non-metals, the third and fourth are metalloids and the last member is a metal. The metalloids are a group of elements which have properties similar to both the metals and non-metals. These metalloids are: Boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium and astatine. The non-metals are elements found to the right of these metalloids, including the element, hydrogen.
COMPARATIVE  PROPERTIES OF METALS AND NON-METALS